Energy Meter Reading Using Bluetooth Technology

might beatnik Reading Using Bluetooth TechnologyThis lying-in is designed with microcontroller, Bluetooth transmitter Receiver, and data cable with PC.Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless personal atomic number 18a networks (PANs).Bluetooth supplys a way to connect and exchange in radiation patternation betwixt inventions such as mobile phones, laptops, PCs, printers, digital cameras, and video game consoles over a secure, globally unlicensed short-range radio relative frequency.In microcontroller we basin syllabus the cost per unit. So it receives the pulse from signal conditioning unit and increments the count value. Corresponding unit and cost are displayed on the LCD display.In this run into the energy meter will send the meter rendering to the Bluetooth cheat via the microcontroller. The Bluetooth thus transmits the data and sends it to the receiving side which will be indicated on the computer screen. The reading can be sent back after sufficient calculation to the energy meter display via Bluetooth devices.IntroductionA huge manpower is set up by electric power company to collect the electricity meter reading. It is a costly job and easily getting wrong readings. In some(prenominal) cases, the cater of electric power company is not able to enter the private house and hence needed to estimate the power usage.An innovative answer is created to simplify the job by using Bluetooth technology. Meter reading can be taken easily and efficiently by using a Bluetooth device connected to the electric power meters with Bluetooth module installed. By using this solution, it eliminates the human error and does not need to estimate the electricity usage anymore. As a result, electric power company can reduce the operation time dramatically.This suffer basically aims to provide a new wireless design for brawn Meter Reading using Bluetooth Technology.Traditional system of rulesDuring a research at the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, a questionnaire was conducted about the traditional methods of Assessment of Meter Reading followed in Tamil Nadu and was found that few years ago there were readings taken manual(a)ly and costs generated by manual calculation which has immediately been replaced by the purge called BEST (Billing for Essential Services in TNEB) scheme which has two phases of implementation. With this project TNEB plans to computerize all their collection centers spread across Tamil Nadu. A handheld device is utilize by the assessor to generate the bill of the consumer based on the observed reading. The remote rural office of TNEB is universe connected to a circle office and the circle office is beingness connected to the Regional office.Gemini Communication Ltd (GCL), a Chennai based leader in Communication Networking solutions did the first phase for about 456 Collection centers spread across 9 regions and deployed the servers and storage products for this network and hence the data that is being typed in at the remote rural office will automatically be saved in the server of the Regional office.In the second phase TNEB would implement the system in 8 regions catering to 1725 collection centers. This is the second phase of the project and will be used by 8 Chief Engineers and expected to clear over 1.5 crore consumers.Proposed systemHowever in the existing system there is no solution provided for the misread meters and manual errors by the assessors. Also it does not provide a solution to reduce the manpower required as assessors.The proposed method is that of a wireless meter reading system. A mobile van or motorbike can be used by the staff to visit a street and it is required to enter only the building code to find all the meter readings of the building. The proposed design involves a microcontroller block that read up to 16 energy meters per building. Then the bill of the individual meter will be generated and displayed on the LCD screen of the microcontroller at the consumer end.This system will provide the readings of each and every meter in a building even if the staff is unable to enter the building. There are further uses of this system which are mentioned in the advantages section.Originality/valueThis system has many significant excellences, such as wireless networking, low-workload, great quantity of data transmission, time- saving, security. It is an integrated system with complete hardware, software, and database implementation.Block diagramDevices used and working1. Electricity meterThe first block is an electric meter that is to be read. An Electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to a residence or business. These are customers of an electric company.The most common type is more properly known as a (kilo) watt-hour meter or a joule meter. Utilities inscribe the values measured by these meters to generate an invoice for the electricity. They whitethorn in any case record other variables including the time when the electricity was used.Fig.1 Energy MeterTypical Energy meter data5-10 v240 v50 Hz1200 revs/kwh2. IR Transmitter and manslayerFor the microcontroller to understand the meter reading, we need an IR setup which consists of an IR transmitter and receiver. The transmitter transmits an IR ray via a hole made in the meter disc, and the receiver receives it whenever the hole comes right in straight channel with the IR ray. This happens on completion of each revolution of the disc. So this ensures that the microcontroller has track of each revolution and the counter works accordingly.A typical Infrared rectifying tube emits a beam of light that reaches the device. A 940 nm wavelength LED is typical. This infrared light is invisible to the human eye but carries signals that are detected by the appliance, as well as by the sensor of a digital camera. The presence of a carrier signal can be used to set off a function. After the demodulation of the current signal, the appropriate frequency filters are applied to separate the respective signals. Nowadays digital procedures are more commonly used.Fig.2 IR transmitter and receiver3. Digital comparatorThe comparator shown in the block diagram is used to sense a lavishly pulse each time the IR receiver receives an IR light. And the comparator compares the coming signal to previous signal. If they are different the output is given as high and if they are same the output is zero. This ensures that when the meter halt on one reading the microcontroller stops counting. A digital comparator is a hardware electronic device that compares two numbers in binary form and generates a one or a zero at its output depending on whether they are the same or not.A comparator can be false by subtracting the two values (A B) in question and checking if the result is zero. This works because if A = B then A B = 0.Comparator OperationInput Vs. payoff ResultsCurrent WILL flow through the open col lector when the voltage at the PLUS infix is lower than the voltage at the electronegative stimulus of the opamp.Current WILL NOT flow through the open collector when the voltage at the PLUS input is higher than the voltage at the MINUS input of the opamp.4. 8051 MicrocontrollerThe microcontroller is used to count the pulses coming from the comparator output and to interface it to the Bluetooth device for Transmission and reception. It also interfaces to the LCD display so that the incoming Bill lucubrate can be displayed. The microcontroller consists of following sections4 Kb program memory.128Kb RAM (including SFR(special function registers) as well) satisfies basic needs.4 ports having in total of 32 input/output lines exist.Fig.3 8051 Pinout and Basic ArchitectureThe diagram above shows the 8051 tumbleout. The chip is a 40-pin package.Port 0 pins 32 to 39 cave in up the 8-bit I/O port 0. However, if international memory is used, these lines are used as a multiplexed addr ess and data bus.Port 1 pins 1 to 8 make up the 8-bit I/O port 1.Port 2 pins 21 to 28 make up the 8-bit I/O port 2. However, if external memory is used, these lines make up the high-byte of the external address (A8 to A15).Port 3 pins 10 to 17 make up the 8-bit I/O port 3. However, each of these eight pins also has an alternate function, as detailed in the table belowExternal data memory read strobeRST the reset input is on pin 9. This pin is used for resetting the 8051 (i.e. loading the PC with the correct startup value).EA-bar the external access, on pin 31, is used for enabling or disabling the on-chip ROM. When tied high (5V), the 8051 executes instructions in internal ROM when executing in the lower 4K (8K for the 8052) of memory. If tied low the 8051 will always execute instructions in external memory. The 8031 and 8032 should always have pin 31 tied low as there is no internal code memory.ALE the address latch enable is on pin 30. The ALE is used for latchingthe low byt e of the address into an external register.PSEN-bar the program store enable is an output signal on pin 29. This signal is used for channelise instructions from external code memory.The microcontroller memory is divided into Program Memory and Data Memory. Program Memory (ROM) is used for permanent saving program being executed, while Data Memory (RAM) is used for temporarily storing and keeping intermediate results and variables. All 8051 microcontrollers have 16-bit addressing bus and can address 64 kb memory.5. BluetoothThe Bluetooth device is used create the contact between the Consumers meter and the Assessors laptop or any Bluetooth enabled device which has the Billing Software in it.Bluetooth is the term used to describe the protocol of a short range (10 meter) frequency-hopping radio link between devices. Bluetooth is acceptable for situations when two or more devices are in proximity to each other and dont require high bandwidth. Bluetooth networking transmits data via lo w-power radio waves at frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (actually between 2.402 GHz and 2.480 GHz, to be exact). This frequency band has been set aside by international agreement for the use of industrial, scientific and medical devices (ISM). A personal computer must have a Bluetooth adapter in order to be able to communicate with other Bluetooth devices (such as mobile phones, mice and keyboards).6. Visual BasicThe software used to enter the received readings and generate the cathexis cost details is Visual Basic as the front-end software and SQL as the back-end software where the database of each consumer gets stored.Visual Basic is a artistic creation User Interface (GUI). The main object inVisual Basic is called a form. Controls are things like text boxes, check boxes and command buttons. Controls are elect from the Visual Basic tool box. Once forms/controls are created, you can change the properties (appearance, structure etc.) related to those objects in that particular objects properties window. From this window, you choose the property you desire to change from the list and change its corresponding setting. Once all your objects are created, you can combine them to form a single executable program that can be run outside of the Visual Basic environment, in Microsoft Windows as shownAdvantagesIssues with Stand-alone meter readingHighly Person dependant.Human errors cannot be avoided. handiness of meters in rural/ Agricultural zones.Energy Audits performed based on bill collection which is highly inaccurate.Billing done mainly on estimated/ monthly come basisInability to monitor and control discrete loadsBilling cycle requires excessive time.Electric company benefitsSmart automated processes instead of manual workAccurate information from the network load to optimise maintenance and investmentsCustomized rates and billing dates.Streamlined high bill investigations.Better network death penalty and cost efficiency.Demand and distribution management.More i ntelligence to business planning.Better company credibility.Customer benefitsPrecise consumption informationClear and accurate billingBetter and faster customer serviceDisadvantagesApplying the system in large area with multiple subscribers is not a straightforward task the system may need some modifications.Bluetooth device costs are affordable only by Apartment residents or residents of colonies but not independents.Future developmentsIn our project we have used the old fashion mechanically operating meters but they are easy to tamper with. In future digital meters can be used for this project once they become cheaper.The other proposed advancement that can be made is the use of other wireless communication devices. Bluetooth model was used by us essentially for lab testing purposes. The more favourable options could be Modems and Zigbee devices that provide both range and better security. They were not chosen for this project due to budget restrictions.